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GitLab Deploy Pipeline | Complete CI/CD Deployment Guide

GitLab CI/CD deployment pipelines automate the process of deploying applications to various environments. This guide covers deploying Angular UIs, .NET Core microservices, and databases using Liquibase.

🅰️ How to Deploy Angular UI

Section titled “🅰️ How to Deploy Angular UI”

Deploying Angular applications involves building the production bundle and serving it through web servers or cloud platforms.

Basic Angular Deployment to Static Hosting

Section titled “Basic Angular Deployment to Static Hosting”
.gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - build
  - deploy


variables:
  NODE_VERSION: "18"


deploy_angular_staging:
  stage: deploy
  image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
  dependencies:
    - build_angular
  script:
    - npm install -g @angular/cli
    - echo "Deploying to staging environment"
    - aws s3 sync dist/ s3://$STAGING_S3_BUCKET --delete
    - aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id $STAGING_CLOUDFRONT_ID --paths "/*"
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging.myapp.com
  only:
    - develop


deploy_angular_production:
  stage: deploy
  image: node:${NODE_VERSION}
  dependencies:
    - build_angular
  script:
    - npm install -g @angular/cli
    - echo "Deploying to production environment"
    - aws s3 sync dist/ s3://$PRODUCTION_S3_BUCKET --delete
    - aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id $PRODUCTION_CLOUDFRONT_ID --paths "/*"
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://myapp.com
  when: manual
  only:
    - main

Angular Deployment with Docker

Section titled “Angular Deployment with Docker”
deploy_angular_docker:
  stage: deploy
  image: docker:20.10.16
  services:
    - docker:20.10.16-dind
  variables:
    DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: "/certs"
  script:
    # Build Docker image
    - docker build -t $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/angular-ui:$CI_COMMIT_SHA .
    - docker tag $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/angular-ui:$CI_COMMIT_SHA $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/angular-ui:latest


    # Push to registry
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/angular-ui:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/angular-ui:latest


    # Deploy to Kubernetes
    - kubectl set image deployment/angular-ui angular-ui=$CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/angular-ui:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/angular-ui
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://myapp.com

Angular Deployment with Environment-Specific Configurations

Section titled “Angular Deployment with Environment-Specific Configurations”
.deploy_angular_template: &deploy_angular
  image: node:18
  dependencies:
    - build_angular
  script:
    - echo "Deploying Angular UI to $ENVIRONMENT"
    - |
      if [ "$ENVIRONMENT" = "staging" ]; then
        ng build --configuration=staging
      else
        ng build --configuration=production
      fi
    - aws s3 sync dist/ s3://$S3_BUCKET --delete
    - aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id $CLOUDFRONT_ID --paths "/*"


deploy_angular_staging:
  <<: *deploy_angular
  stage: deploy
  variables:
    ENVIRONMENT: "staging"
    S3_BUCKET: $STAGING_S3_BUCKET
    CLOUDFRONT_ID: $STAGING_CLOUDFRONT_ID
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging.myapp.com
  only:
    - develop


deploy_angular_production:
  <<: *deploy_angular
  stage: deploy
  variables:
    ENVIRONMENT: "production"
    S3_BUCKET: $PRODUCTION_S3_BUCKET
    CLOUDFRONT_ID: $PRODUCTION_CLOUDFRONT_ID
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://myapp.com
  when: manual
  only:
    - main

Angular Deployment with Nginx

Section titled “Angular Deployment with Nginx”
deploy_angular_nginx:
  stage: deploy
  image: nginx:alpine
  dependencies:
    - build_angular
  script:
    - cp -r dist/* /usr/share/nginx/html/
    - |
      cat > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf << 'EOF'
      server {
          listen 80;
          server_name localhost;
          root /usr/share/nginx/html;
          index index.html;


          location / {
              try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
          }


          location /api/ {
              proxy_pass http://backend-service:8080/;
              proxy_set_header Host $host;
              proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
          }
      }
      EOF
    - nginx -g 'daemon off;'
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://myapp.com

🔷 How to Deploy .NET Core Microservices

Section titled “🔷 How to Deploy .NET Core Microservices”

Deploying .NET Core microservices involves containerization, orchestration, and proper service mesh configuration.

Basic .NET Core Deployment

Section titled “Basic .NET Core Deployment”
deploy_dotnet_service:
  stage: deploy
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
  dependencies:
    - build_dotnet
  script:
    - cd publish/
    - dotnet MyService.dll &
    - echo "Service deployed successfully"
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://api.myapp.com

.NET Core Microservices with Docker Deployment

Section titled “.NET Core Microservices with Docker Deployment”
variables:
  DOCKER_REGISTRY: "registry.gitlab.com/mygroup/myproject"
  SERVICES: "userservice orderservice paymentservice"


.deploy_microservice_template: &deploy_microservice
  stage: deploy
  image: docker:20.10.16
  services:
    - docker:20.10.16-dind
  variables:
    DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: "/certs"
  before_script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
  script:
    - |
      for service in $SERVICES; do
        echo "Deploying $service..."


        # Build and tag image
        docker build -f src/$service/Dockerfile -t $DOCKER_REGISTRY/$service:$CI_COMMIT_SHA src/$service/
        docker tag $DOCKER_REGISTRY/$service:$CI_COMMIT_SHA $DOCKER_REGISTRY/$service:latest


        # Push to registry
        docker push $DOCKER_REGISTRY/$service:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
        docker push $DOCKER_REGISTRY/$service:latest


        # Deploy to Kubernetes
        kubectl set image deployment/$service $service=$DOCKER_REGISTRY/$service:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
        kubectl rollout status deployment/$service
      done


deploy_microservices_staging:
  <<: *deploy_microservice
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging-api.myapp.com
  only:
    - develop


deploy_microservices_production:
  <<: *deploy_microservice
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://api.myapp.com
  when: manual
  only:
    - main

Kubernetes Deployment with Helm

Section titled “Kubernetes Deployment with Helm”
deploy_with_helm:
  stage: deploy
  image: alpine/helm:3.10.0
  dependencies:
    - build_dotnet
  script:
    - helm repo add stable https://charts.helm.sh/stable
    - helm repo update
    - |
      helm upgrade --install my-microservices ./helm-chart \
        --set image.tag=$CI_COMMIT_SHA \
        --set environment=$ENVIRONMENT \
        --set ingress.host=$INGRESS_HOST \
        --namespace $NAMESPACE \
        --create-namespace
    - kubectl get pods -n $NAMESPACE
  environment:
    name: $ENVIRONMENT
    url: https://$INGRESS_HOST

Blue-Green Deployment Strategy

Section titled “Blue-Green Deployment Strategy”
deploy_blue_green:
  stage: deploy
  image: kubectl:latest
  script:
    - |
      # Check current active color
      CURRENT_COLOR=$(kubectl get service myapp-service -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector.color}')
      if [ "$CURRENT_COLOR" = "blue" ]; then
        NEW_COLOR="green"
      else
        NEW_COLOR="blue"
      fi


      echo "Deploying to $NEW_COLOR environment"


      # Deploy to inactive color
      kubectl set image deployment/myapp-$NEW_COLOR myapp=$CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
      kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp-$NEW_COLOR


      # Health check
      kubectl run health-check --image=curlimages/curl --rm -it --restart=Never \
        -- curl -f http://myapp-$NEW_COLOR-service/health


      # Switch traffic
      kubectl patch service myapp-service -p '{"spec":{"selector":{"color":"'$NEW_COLOR'"}}}'


      echo "Traffic switched to $NEW_COLOR"
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://api.myapp.com

Canary Deployment with Istio

Section titled “Canary Deployment with Istio”
deploy_canary:
  stage: deploy
  image: istio/istioctl:1.18.0
  script:
    - |
      # Deploy canary version
      kubectl set image deployment/myapp-canary myapp=$CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
      kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp-canary


      # Configure traffic split (10% to canary)
      cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: myapp-vs
      spec:
        http:
        - match:
          - headers:
              canary:
                exact: "true"
          route:
          - destination:
              host: myapp-canary-service
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: myapp-service
            weight: 90
          - destination:
              host: myapp-canary-service
            weight: 10
      EOF


      echo "Canary deployment with 10% traffic split completed"
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://api.myapp.com

🗄️ Deploy Database using Liquibase

Section titled “🗄️ Deploy Database using Liquibase”

Database deployments with Liquibase ensure consistent schema changes across environments.

Basic Liquibase Deployment

Section titled “Basic Liquibase Deployment”
deploy_database:
  stage: deploy
  image: liquibase/liquibase:4.23
  variables:
    DB_URL: "jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/myapp"
    DB_USERNAME: "dbuser"
    DB_PASSWORD: "dbpass"
  script:
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD update
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD status
  environment:
    name: production

Multi-Environment Database Deployment

Section titled “Multi-Environment Database Deployment”
.deploy_database_template: &deploy_database
  image: liquibase/liquibase:4.23
  script:
    - echo "Deploying database changes to $ENVIRONMENT"
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD validate
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD update
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD status


deploy_database_staging:
  <<: *deploy_database
  stage: deploy
  variables:
    ENVIRONMENT: "staging"
    DB_URL: $STAGING_DB_URL
    DB_USERNAME: $STAGING_DB_USERNAME
    DB_PASSWORD: $STAGING_DB_PASSWORD
  environment:
    name: staging
  only:
    - develop


deploy_database_production:
  <<: *deploy_database
  stage: deploy
  variables:
    ENVIRONMENT: "production"
    DB_URL: $PRODUCTION_DB_URL
    DB_USERNAME: $PRODUCTION_DB_USERNAME
    DB_PASSWORD: $PRODUCTION_DB_PASSWORD
  environment:
    name: production
  when: manual
  only:
    - main

Database Deployment with Rollback Support

Section titled “Database Deployment with Rollback Support”
deploy_database_with_rollback:
  stage: deploy
  image: liquibase/liquibase:4.23
  variables:
    DB_URL: $PRODUCTION_DB_URL
    DB_USERNAME: $PRODUCTION_DB_USERNAME
    DB_PASSWORD: $PRODUCTION_DB_PASSWORD
  script:
    # Create rollback script before deployment
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD rollbackSQL $(date +"%Y-%m-%d") > rollback-script.sql


    # Validate changes
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD validate


    # Generate update SQL for review
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD updateSQL > update-script.sql


    # Apply changes
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD update


    # Verify deployment
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USERNAME --password=$DB_PASSWORD status
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - rollback-script.sql
      - update-script.sql
    expire_in: 1 week
  environment:
    name: production

Database Deployment with Health Checks

Section titled “Database Deployment with Health Checks”
deploy_database_with_health_check:
  stage: deploy
  image: liquibase/liquibase:4.23
  services:
    - postgres:13
  variables:
    POSTGRES_DB: myapp
    POSTGRES_USER: dbuser
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: dbpass
    DB_URL: "jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/myapp"
  script:
    # Wait for database to be ready
    - |
      for i in {1..30}; do
        if liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$POSTGRES_USER --password=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD status; then
          echo "Database is ready"
          break
        fi
        echo "Waiting for database... ($i/30)"
        sleep 10
      done


    # Deploy changes
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$POSTGRES_USER --password=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD update


    # Run health checks
    - |
      cat > health_check.sql << 'EOF'
      SELECT
        table_name,
        column_name,
        data_type
      FROM information_schema.columns
      WHERE table_schema = 'public'
      ORDER BY table_name, ordinal_position;
      EOF


    - psql $DB_URL -f health_check.sql
  environment:
    name: production

Database Migration with Multiple Databases

Section titled “Database Migration with Multiple Databases”
deploy_multi_database:
  stage: deploy
  image: liquibase/liquibase:4.23
  parallel:
    matrix:
      - DATABASE: [userdb, orderdb, inventorydb]
  script:
    - |
      case $DATABASE in
        userdb)
          DB_URL=$USER_DB_URL
          DB_USER=$USER_DB_USERNAME
          DB_PASS=$USER_DB_PASSWORD
          ;;
        orderdb)
          DB_URL=$ORDER_DB_URL
          DB_USER=$ORDER_DB_USERNAME
          DB_PASS=$ORDER_DB_PASSWORD
          ;;
        inventorydb)
          DB_URL=$INVENTORY_DB_URL
          DB_USER=$INVENTORY_DB_USERNAME
          DB_PASS=$INVENTORY_DB_PASSWORD
          ;;
      esac


    - echo "Deploying $DATABASE database changes"
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --changeLogFile=changelog-$DATABASE.xml update
    - liquibase --url=$DB_URL --username=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS status
  environment:
    name: production

🔧 Advanced Deployment Strategies

Section titled “🔧 Advanced Deployment Strategies”

Progressive Deployment with Monitoring

Section titled “Progressive Deployment with Monitoring”
deploy_with_monitoring:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - echo "Deploying application with monitoring"
    - kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/myapp


    # Setup monitoring
    - |
      for i in {1..10}; do
        HEALTH_STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://myapp-service/health)
        if [ "$HEALTH_STATUS" = "200" ]; then
          echo "Health check passed"
          break
        fi
        echo "Health check failed, retrying... ($i/10)"
        sleep 30
      done


    # Monitor metrics for 5 minutes
    - |
      for i in {1..5}; do
        ERROR_RATE=$(curl -s "http://prometheus:9090/api/v1/query?query=rate(http_requests_total{status=~'5..'}[5m])" | jq -r '.data.result[0].value[1]')
        if (( $(echo "$ERROR_RATE > 0.05" | bc -l) )); then
          echo "Error rate too high: $ERROR_RATE"
          kubectl rollout undo deployment/myapp
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "Monitoring... Error rate: $ERROR_RATE"
        sleep 60
      done
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://myapp.com

Zero-Downtime Deployment

Section titled “Zero-Downtime Deployment”
deploy_zero_downtime:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - |
      # Scale up new version
      kubectl scale deployment myapp-new --replicas=3
      kubectl rollout status deployment myapp-new


      # Health check new version
      kubectl run health-check --image=curlimages/curl --rm -it --restart=Never \
        -- curl -f http://myapp-new-service/health


      # Gradually shift traffic
      for weight in 25 50 75 100; do
        echo "Shifting $weight% traffic to new version"
        kubectl patch service myapp-service -p "{\"spec\":{\"selector\":{\"version\":\"new\",\"weight\":\"$weight\"}}}"
        sleep 120


        # Monitor during traffic shift
        ERROR_RATE=$(curl -s "http://prometheus:9090/api/v1/query?query=rate(http_requests_total{status=~'5..'}[2m])" | jq -r '.data.result[0].value[1]')
        if (( $(echo "$ERROR_RATE > 0.02" | bc -l) )); then
          echo "Error rate increased, rolling back"
          kubectl patch service myapp-service -p '{"spec":{"selector":{"version":"old"}}}'
          exit 1
        fi
      done


      # Scale down old version
      kubectl scale deployment myapp-old --replicas=0
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://myapp.com

This comprehensive deployment guide covers the essential aspects of deploying Angular UIs, .NET Core microservices, and databases using Liquibase in GitLab CI/CD pipelines.